IMPROVING STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY LEARNING THROUGH EXTENSIVE READING (A STUDY OF STUDENTS IN MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR)

This research aims at finding out whether or not using of extensive reading was effective to develop the English vocabulary of the fifth semester students of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. It was quasi experimental research design. This research took place at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar in academic year 20105/2016. The population of the research was 313 students. The sample of this research consisted of 52 students, 28 students as the control group and 24 students as the experimental group, which was chosen by using cluster random sampling technique. The instrument of collecting data was vocabulary test. The data were obtained through pretest and posttest for both groups and the result of the test was analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 version. The result of the data analysis showed that the application of extensive reading was effective to develop the English vocabulary of the fifth semester students of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar proved by the mean score of control group in pretest was 29.31 and the mean score of experimental group was 41.64. While the mean score of control group in posttest was 47.07 which was taught intensive reading and the mean score of experimental group was 59.86, which was taught extensive reading. It means that the improvement of vocabulary achievement in control group from pretest to posttest was 17.76 and in experimental group were 18.22. It means that Incidental vocabulary occurred both of Intensive Reading and Extensive Reading, but the improvement of incidental vocabulary learning in extensive reading was greater than that of  intensive reading (18.22>17.76)

Hubungan antara Tingkat Kecemasan Mahasiswa Sebelum Sidang Skripsi terhadap Nilai Skripsi pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura

Latar Belakang− Mahasiswa kedokteran rentan mengalami kecemasan dikarenakan beban kuliah yang cukup tinggi dan tugas akhir mahasiswa yang disebut skripsi. Dalam pembuatan skripsi mahasiswa mengalami banyak permasalahan sehingga tingkat stres dan kecemasan cenderung meningkat. Tingkat kecemasan akan semakin meningkat pada saat mempresentasikan tugas akhir atau skripsi tersebut. Tujuan– Mencari hubungan antara tingkat kecemasan mahasiswa sebelum sidang skripsi terhadap nilai akhir sidang skripsi pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura. Metodologi− Penelitian analitik observasional jenis cross sectional. Data primer berupa tingkat kecemasan pada 21 mahasiswa diperoleh dengan pengisian kuesioner BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) dan data sekunder berupa informasi mahasiswa yang akan menjalani ujian akhir skripsi diperoleh dari bagian akademik prodi pendidikan dokter FK Untan. Data diolah dengan uji korelasi Pearson menggunakan SPSS . Hasil−Mahasiswa yang akan menjalani sidang akhir dan mengalami kecemasan berjumlah 15 orang, dengan rincian 6 orang mengalami kecemasan ringan, 6 orang mengalami kecemasan sedang dan 3 orang mengalami kecemasan berat. Uji hipotesis didapatkan nilai p=0,669 (p˃0,05). Kesimpulan–Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kecemasan dengan nilai akhir skripsi

An In-Depth Look at Recent Influenza Seasons and Vaccine Effectiveness

This paper aims to present an in-depth exploration of immunology, the influenza virus, vaccination, and vaccination’s effectiveness with respect to influenza. It also delves into the possible causes behind the large increase in early childhood deaths during the 2003-2004 influenza season, which was a turning point in terms of influenza incident reporting. Finally, data analysis on the relationship between childhood flu vaccine coverage and childhood outpatient ILI (influenza-like illness) visits by region is presented as a measurement of vaccine effectiveness and identifier of trends. Although this relationship was not statistically significant (alpha=0.05) regionally, this simply points to alternate factors that exist among the relationship between vaccine coverage and outpatient visits in children. The same comparison made over time with national statistics did prove statistically significant (p=0.02), however, other variables are hypothesized to be present in this relationship as well

What the Right Hand Gives: Prohibitive Interpretations of the State Constitutional Right to Bail

Most state constitutions include a right-to-bail provision, commonly phrased, “All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties except for [certain offenses] when the proof of guilt is evident or the presumption great.” This Note examines conflicting interpretations of the effect this provision has on the cases excluded from its guarantee—specifically, certain offenses when the proof is evident or presumption great. Some courts read this provision to be silent regarding the excepted cases, allowing the legislature and judiciary to decide whether to permit bail. Others reason that the plain language of this right to bail is prohibitive with respect to the excepted cases even if the court concludes that the accused does not pose a risk of flight or danger. This Note concludes that the grammatical structure and history of this provision support the former, permissive interpretation. It further warns against reducing the standard for denial of bail to the strength of the proof of guilt alone, arguing that the bail decision should reflect the purposes of bail—to ensure the accused’s presence at trial and safety of the community—lest the practice venture into the dangerous territory of preconviction punishment

Autumn Adventures

Postcard from Ariana Lipkind, during the Linfield College Semester Abroad Program at the Austro-American Institute of Education in Vienna, Austri

Theory of Mind and its Relation to Psychopathy

Psychopathy is a personality dysfunction wherein an individual is unemotional and has a deficit in empathy (Dolan & Fullam, 2004). Theory of mind is the ability to perceive other’s thoughts, beliefs, emotions, etc. (Vonk, Hill, Mercer & Noser, 2015). This is similar to empathy, and as such is likely to have a relationship with psychopathy, although no such research has been undertaken to date. In this study, I correlated measures of psychopathy with theory of mind, sampling from Butler’s undergraduate population. Due to my combined major in Psychology and Criminology, I then researched and discuss the similarities theory of mind has with the sociological term, role taking, which is the process of viewing oneself from another perspective (Crawford & Novak, 2014). Rather than being an aptitude that varies per person, as is theory of mind, role taking is seen as an innate ability and rather is looked at in terms of the propensity in which one engages in it. While there were no significant relationships between theory of mind and psychopathy detected, the results suggested that a study with more statistical power may be able to find such a relationship. If a relationship does not exist between theory of mind and psychopathy, this can be explained by role taking theory

Person to Person in Austria

While still in the midst of their study abroad experiences, students at Linfield College write reflective essays. Their essays address issues of cultural similarity and difference, compare lifestyles, mores, norms, and habits between their host countries and home, and examine changes in perceptions about their host countries and the United States. In this essay, Ariana Lipkind describes her observations during her study abroad program at Austro-American Institute of Education in Vienna, Austria

Making Connections : A Teaching Strategy To Foster Junior High School Students’ Reading Comprehension

Reading is the process of looking at a series of written symbols and getting meaning from them. When we ready, we use our eyes to receive written symbols (letters, punctuation mark and spaces) and we use our brain to convert them into words, sentences and paragraphs that communicate something to us. According to Spedell (2015), good readers make connections as they read.  They can relate the book to their personal experiences (text-to-self), to information from other texts (text-to-text), or from what they know about the world (text-to-world).  Making connections was linking what the students read, to what they already know.  This strategy helped students comprehend text, by activating their prior knowledge and making meaning of what they read. This research aimed at finding out the improvement of students in reading comprehension through making connections strategy to eleventh grade students of SMP N 3 Galesong Utara which refers to the familiarity of subject matter of the narrative text in terms of literal comprehension covering main idea and supporting details. The researcher applied pre-experimental design and VIII A class consist of 18 students with 5 men and 13 women as a research subject. The Result of this research was in main idea, the students’ mean score achievement in pre-test was 42.78 becomes 65.83. So, the improvement of students’ reading comprehension achievement from pre-test to post-test was 53.88%. In supporting details, the students’ mean score achievement in pre-test was 31.39, becomes 44.17. So the improvement of students’ reading comprehension achievement from pre-test to post-test was 40, 71%. And the mean score of students’ reading comprehension in main idea and supporting details in pre-test 37.08 becomes 55. So the improvement of students’ reading comprehension achievement from pre-test to post-test was 48.33

Pharmaceuticals entering Lake Champlain and their combination effects on developing Zebrafish Embryos

Human-derived pharmaceuticals have been identified entering surface waters in the United States through wastewater effluent. While there is ample literature about what each compound alone does to aquatic life, little is known about the effects aquatic life may experience from the exposure to many different pharmaceuticals present in the environment. More specifically, are the combination of pharmaceuticals in the environment more detrimental to aquatic life than each pharmaceutical alone? Zebrafish embryos were used to model what aquatic life in Lake Champlain may experience. Vatovec et al (2016) determined that there are 51 environmentally-relevant human derived pharmaceuticals entering Lake Champlain through wastewater effluent. Out of the 51, acetaminophen, carbamazepine, and diphenhydramine were studied. Embryos were exposed to each pharmaceutical for three days at various concentrations and observed for any developmental defects. The sub-lethal concentration of each pharmaceutical was determined and then this specific concentration was used in subsequent combination experiments. Results indicated that the exposure to all three pharmaceuticals were more detrimental to embryonic development than each pharmaceutical alone. However, when pharmaceuticals were combined in groups of two, one of the groups was more detrimental to embryos than the combination of all three pharmaceuticals. Although concentrations used in this experiment were much higher than that found in the environment, the implications of this study are still important. It is necessary to determine and demonstrate at what concentration pharmaceuticals are detrimental to aquatic life so that environmental concentrations never reach the concentrations used in the current experiment. The outcome of this research stands as a warning as to what may occur if nothing is done about pharmaceuticals entering water sources. Future studies should determine combination effects of pharmaceuticals at environmental concentrations

VOICE PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATIONS OF ROMANIAN AND ENGLISH ECONOMIC TEXTS

The difficulties brought about by the passive constructions have been an issue to debate for many linguists and scientist. Translations become ever more important in an increasingly global marketplace, and they are sometimes taken too lightly, when in fact it is a serious business that should be approached sensibly in order to avoid poor results. Translation is a specialised branch of translation, which requires specific skills and also methodology, theme as well as terminology competences. Without being exhaustive the aim of our paper is to focus on the types of the passive constructions specific to the scientific discourse, the economic one, in particular. It also tackles the translation difficulties that may come along when dealing with scientific papers and rendering texts from Romanian into English. Passive constructions are frequently used both in English and Romanian. However, active forms are more common in literary writing or where the focus is on the people who make things happen. In contrast, passives are mainly specific to texts where the focus is on events and processes, in things that happen. The most common problem in writing economic texts is overusing the passive voice. Specialists recommend or even require the passive voice in scientific, technical writing; motivating that by using the passive voice in scientific writing it achieves an objective tone whereas, sometimes it only obscure the text. The scientific discourse and the economic one in particular, basically mean presenting ideas, descriptions, definitions, classifications, instructions, etc. The speech is brief, the technical person, and the scientist managing to say things which in ordinary language would require a vast amount of talk. Therefore, speakers or writers use the passive constructions in the scientific discourse for the following reasons: a) when there is no use of identifying the agent of the action, being unimportant or obvious from the context; b) to avoid repetition of the subject; c) to put emphasis on the action or the process; d) to convey objectivity; e) to avoid a long active subject.translation, passive voice, Romanian language, English language, difficulties